Augmented Reality for Immersive and Tactile Flight Simulation

Jon W. Wallace, Zhengxie Hu, Daniel A. Carroll, Lafayette College

 DECEMBER 2020

Feature Article:

Flight simulators have a history of extensive use in civilian and military aviation, providing a significant reduction in the overall cost of flight training. Simulators also allow potentially hazardous situations, such as aircraft failures and other emergencies to be safely experienced. Before delving into our specific AR simulator implementation, we describe the basic idea of its operation. Due to its low cost, we use the indirect view AR approach, where a conventional VR HMD delivers video to the user and tracks the head position and pose, while a stereo camera attached to the HMD captures images of the user’s surroundings.

 INTRODUCTION :

•  AR FLIGHT SIMULATOR CONCEPT
• SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
• EXAMPLE AR VIDEO
• ....

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بهره‌مندی از شبیه‌ساز پرواز در مطالعه رفتار خلبان

Use of Flight Simulators in Analyzing Pilot Behavior

چکیده

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Real-Time Pilot-in-the-Loop and Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation at Gulfstream

Stephen Landers
Gulfstream Aerospace
Savannah, Georgia

ADI Users Society
December 4-6, 2007
San Diego, California

1 Abstract
Increasing system complexity and interdependence have driven Gulfstream to build real-time, pilot- and hardware-in-the-loop facilities for product development and production support. The Advanced Design Research Lab (ADRL) and Integration Test Facility (ITF) Labs, which support this function, are described.  At the core of the real-time simulations are Applied Dynamics International’s rtX and rtS computers running Simulink models and additional software developed at Gulfstream. Examples of how these facilities have successfully supported production and internal research projects are presented.

7 Conclusions
Simulation technology has provided a powerful tool for development of advanced programs at Gulfstream. By designing common models which can be used in all the facilities, the programs have moved from conception to flight testing more rapidly and with fewer errors during flight testing. The labs provide a safe environment for identifying and alleviating issues which could pose risks to air crews. The ability to quickly repeat test points to develop different techniques or to identify the cues to fly test points has proved to be important for crews and a valuable tool for communication (by demonstration) within the development team. The ability to fly highly unusual attitudes in the simulation also reduces the risks to the crew and aircraft while evaluating the expected behaviors of the systems. Lab testing is less expensive than airborne tests on the aircraft. By testing in the simulators engineers can evaluate a wide variety of test conditions more rapidly than can be accomplished in the actual aircraft. Having the ability to quickly change conditions, or quickly reset to a specific initial condition, maximizes the amount of testing that can be accomplished in a given period of time. The ability to run test scripts on the simulations has dramatically reduced the amount of time required to conduct tests. Advances in the simulation labs have provided engineers and pilots with greater capabilities than were available in the past and they will continue into the future.

Source & Download: https://www.adi.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/GulfstreamSimulationDev.pdf

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 Virtual reality flight simulator

Kelvin Valentino

Endra Joelianto

Article · January 2017

Abstract :

Flight simulators are currently used to train prospective pilots who will fly aircrafts. However, the flight simulator usually need more space, more budgets, and another things so that the simulator can be operated as similar as possible to a real aircraft. Responding to the challenges that faced today and going into the era of portable that permeated whenever and wherever, in this paper, it is developed a virtual reality flight simulator. The virtual reality flight simulator is intended to act as the conventional flight simulator that simulates the environment of real flight. In addition, it can be used anywhere and anytime. The paper presents virtual reality, flight simulator, and programming process of virtual reality flight simulator. Flight simulator using virtual reality is able to provide strong sensations like being in a plane cockpit.

 INTRODUCTION :

A. Flight Simulator

B. Virtual Reality

C. Unity

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Flight Simulation: Virtual Environments in Aviation

Chapter 10

Flight Simulation in Research

Flight simulators have been designed and developed for the past seventy years, primarily for the training and evaluation of pilots. In this regard, the flight simulator represents a highly ophisticated and complex technology which has been largely successful in its goal of creating a ground-based, synthetic environment for pilot training. But no discussion of flight simulation would be complete without at least some reference to its role in aviation research. Unlike flight simulators used for training purposes, those used in research have demanded very high levels of physical fidelity. Generally, such simulators fall in two general categories. The first category represents those purpose-built to support a particular research program such as the study of aircraft handling qualities or the optimum design of a flight deck. A second category of research simulators consist of those that are modified versions of simulators which were originally design for training. These devices have the advantage of lower cost and the high reliability built into training devices. They are especially useful in research programs where extensive modifications or changes to the simulator design are not required. Flight simulators used for research also have a different user population. Rather than the instructor pilots and trainees for whom training simulators are designed, the research simulator is typically designed and used by research scientists and engineers. The device itself is more likely to be flown by highly experienced pilots who will be more demanding of fidelity requirements than trainee pilots are likely to be. Additionally, research simulator hardware and software need to be easily changed to allow for comparative testing of either aircraft or simulator design characteristics. Easily altering the handling properties of a simulated aircraft or changing the update rate of the visual scene display are the types of changes that might be required of a research simulator. Research simulator design requirements differ significantly in this regard from training simulators where the design is fixed and changes may be not only be impractical, but prohibited by regulations. Accurate and complete recordings of simulated aircraft performance under a wide variety of scenarios require extensive instrumentation of flight simulators used for research. This instrumentation may involve the recording of a large number of aircraft and simulator performance parameters at a very high sampling rate. Additional recordings of pilot or aircrew behavior are also required in some research studies requiring modifications to the simulator to accommodate audio, visual and other recording systems. 

The designers of research simulators also need to address the issue of fidelity. Fidelity in research simulators is, however, even more important than it is in training simulators since much of the research conducted on these simulators is based on the assumption that the simulator is a wholly valid surrogate for the aircraft. While only partial transfer-of-training from a training device may be acceptable, the ability to generalize to the operational aircraft conclusions drawn from studies conducted in research simulators must be unquestioned for the investigator to have any faith in the utility of the research device. This requirement for very high fidelity in research simulators increases not only the required complexity and robustness of its component technologies, but significantly increases the cost of these devices as well. For this reason, purpose-built research simulators are relatively few in number and are generally owned and  perated by government agencies or large corporations. 

Research Applications

1. Cockpit Design
2. Avionics
3. Airport Capacity Improvements
4. Human Factors
5. Training Research
6. Accident Investigation
7. Flight Simulator Design

Flight Simulator Research Facilities

• US Air Force Research Laboratory (USAFRL), Warfighter Training Research Division
• FAA Civil Aeromedical Institute
• Cranfield University School of Engineering
• Delft University of Technology
• The National Aerospace Laboratoly
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration

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Brian P. Curlett
NASA Dryden Flight Research Center
Edwards, California

ABSTRACT
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dryden Flight Research Center has a long history in developing simulations of experimental fixed-wing aircraft from gliders to suborbital vehicles on platforms ranging from desktop simulators to pilot-in-theloop / aircraft-in-the-loop simulators. Regardless of the aircraft or simulator hardware, much of the software framework is common to all NASA Dryden simulators. Some of this software has withstood the test of time, but in recent years the push toward high-fidelity user-friendly simulations has resulted in some significant changes. This report presents an overview of the current NASA Dryden simulation software framework and capabilities with an emphasis on the new features that have permitted NASA to develop more capable simulations while maintaining the same staffing levels.

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